Fluid-operated tool.



L. W. GREVE.

I FLUID OPERATED TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR25, 1914.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

ATTORNEVH a mvewron drawing, wherein- LOUIS W. GREVE, 6F CLEVEMND, OHIO,ASSIGNOR TO THE CLEVELAND PNEUMATIG A TOOL COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND,

a d f r a OHIO, A COBPORAEIUN OF OHIO.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Looted/V. Gnnvn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and 1 State of Ohio,have inventedi-certainnew and useful Improvements in Fluid-OperatedTools, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to fluid operated tools, and as particularlyillustrated-to riveting hammers. The invention has for its primaryobjects; the provision of an improved and simplified shell valveconstruction; the provision of an improved and sim plified rivet setretaining means in which the parts can bevery quickly and convenientlyassembled and disassembled and in which the danger of accidentaldisconnection of the parts is eliminated; the provi sion of an improvedlocking means for securing the body and handle of the apparatus againstunscrewing; and the provision of a locking means of the characterspecified in which "a part of the said means act asan exhaust shield.One embodiment of the in- .vention'i's illustrated in the accompanyingFigure 1 is a longitudinal section through the tool,'witlithedistributing shell valve in one operative position, Fig. 2 is a partialside elevation and partial section at the rear end of the tool, showingthe distributing valve in a position difi erent from that of Fig. 1,Figs. 3 and tare sectional and end elevation views of portion of therivet set retaining means, 5 is a sectional view of the distributingvalve removed from its position of use and on an enlarged scale, Fig. 6is a section on the line VlQ-Vi of Fig. 1, Fig. 7 is a section on theline VHVH of Fig. 8, and Fig. 8 is a partial bottom view of the casingat the point of juncture between the two parts.

the distributing valve which is of Referring first to the generalarrangement of parts as illustrated in Fig. l, 1 is the main portion ofthe casing of the machine; 2 is the handle portion of such casing; 3 isthe hammer piston; t is the rivet set, and 5 is the cylindrical or shelltype.

The parts 1 and 2 of the casing are screw threaded together as indicatedat 6, and accidenta'l unscrewing at this point is prevented by means ofthe locking ring 7. The forward edge of the casing member 2 whichopposes the locking ring? is provided with Specification of Lettersiatent.

alternating slots and lugs 8 and 9 as indicated in'Fig. 8, and thelocking ring 7 is provided with a lug 10 which is adapted to fit intoany oneot' the slots 8, depending upon the position of such slot whenthe member 2 is screwed tight upon the mem- Patented ftp-1x6, 19155..Application filed. March 25, 1914. Serial No. 827,059.

her 1. The locking ring 7 is slidable longitudinally of the casingmember 1, but is held against rotation with respect thereto, by

means of a pin 11 screw threaded into the casing 1 and projecting belowsuch casing a slight distance as indicated in Fig. 1. This projectingend of the pin or screw llis adapted to engage any one of a plurality ofslots 12 (Fig' 8) cut in the inner face of the locking ring 7. Theprovision of this plurality of slots 12any one of which may be engagedby the pin 11-serves to permit of a rotary ad ustment of the lockingring 7. This ad ustment combined with the adjustment ztlfOlCltCl by theplurality of the slots, Sin the front edge of the member 2 serves toprovide for the locking of the member 2 with respect tothe member 1 inany position at which it may arrive when the parts are screwed tightlytogether. The outer surfaces of the locking ring and themember 2 aregrooved, and into these grooves fits the spring retaining clip 13, suchspring retaining clip 13 extending about three quarters of the'distancearound the casing as indicated in Fig. 7. This clip 13 not only servesto prevent the movement of the locking ring 7 to the left, but also actsasa shield for the r exhaust as hereinafter explained. in assembling theparts the ring 7 is slipped over the casing member 1 from its left handend, and the handle member 2 is screwed into the position illustrated.The ring 7 is then moved to the right until one of the slots 12 engagesthe head of the pin 11, at which time the lug 10 on the locking member 7(Fig. 6) will engage one of the slots 8 in the end of the handle member2. gagemcnt or" course prevents any unscrewing of the handle, since thescrew or pin l1 prevents the rotation of the ring 7. The spring clip 13is then snapped into the position illustrated. in Fig. 1, which preventsthe ring 7 from moving to the left and thus becoming disengaged from thehandle member 2. The inner faces of the ring 7 and end of the member 2are provided with the annular rebess 1.4 to which the right hand endofthe exhaust passages 15 and 16 are connected. This exhaust groove 14:is also connected This .en-

with the groove 17 around the outer surface of the distributing valve 5,by means of the passage l8,'so that all three passages 15, 16, and 18discharge into the groove let beneath the spring clip 13. The dischargefrom the groove 14 passes through the space 19 via the various slots 8.by the lug 10 (Fig. 8). The air which dis charges to the space 19 ofcourse follows the clip circumferentially until it reaches the endthereof, when itdischarges into the atmosphere. It 'Will thus be seenthit' the clip 13 .not only performs the function of a holding means formovement to the left, but also serves the function 'of a shield for theexhaust.

The rivet set retaining device comprises a retaining ring 20, a chuckmember 21 screwed into the end of the casing 1', a spring 22 interposedbetween the end of the chuck and the ring 20, Y which prevents the set 4from rotating but does not prevent its longitudinal movement.- Theconstruction is such, as Will hereinafter appear, that when the springclip 23 is removed and the set rotated 90 it may be Withdrawn throughthe ring 20 and a new set inserted. -This result is secured by forming-.;th e head 21 at the rear end of the set With'a pair of grooves 25 anda pair of lugs 26', as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 6, and the ring10 with a corresponding pair of grooves 27 and a pair of lugs 28 (Fig.4). her tlm set is in the rotative'position illustratedfin Fig. 1 thelugs 26on the head of the rivet set come opposite the lugs 28 and thering 20 limits the forward movement of the set. WVhen, however, thespring clip 23 is re- .moved and the rivet set rotated 90 the lugs 26come opposite the grooves 27 and the rivet set can be moved forward andremoved from the machine. The forward end of the rivet set is providedWith a collar 28 provided with a groove for the reception of the bend 29in the holding clip 23, so that the rivet set can move longitudinallybut not rotatably with respect to the member 23. The end of the member21 isprovided with a circum-ferential groom 30 which receives the flangeat the rear end of the member 23, the member 21 also being groovedlongitudinally v at 31 to receive the bent in portion 29 of the member23 is held It Will spring member 23, so "that the againstcircumferential movement.

be seen therefore that the releasable member 23 is held againstcircun'iferential movement and in turn retains the rivet set againstcircumferential movement, while permitting longitudinal movementthereof. Also that when the member 23 is removed and the rivet setrotated 90 it can be removed endwise from the machine. Tn order toprevent the rotation of the ring 20 the spring 22 is provided with a lug32 fitting which are not occupied,

the ring 7, preventing its and the spring clip 2% into a. recess in theend of the collar, and the spring is itself prevented from rotatin meansof another lug 33 which fits into a fe cess in the member 2-1 asindicated in Fig. 3. Provision is' thus made for the quick andconvenient removal or replacement of the rivet set, while at the sametime means are providednsecurely against accidental displacement.

The shell valve 5 has three pressure receiving areas for causing themovement of the valve back and forth, the area A consist- .ing of thetwo surfaces-illustrated in Fig. 5, designed to secure the movement ofthe "alve to the left, while the areas B and C are designed to securethe movement of the valve to the right. The construction and arrangementof guarding the parts v parts is such that when the pis ton 3 moves tothe right and approaches theend of its stroke a body of air iscompressed at the right hand endof the valve 5 and acting upon the areaA causes the valve to move to the left. .The area B isexposed to acontinuous live air pressure tending to move the Xiilye to the right,While the area C is eX- ,posed to a, continuous pressure which isvariable'in amount and is controlled by the piston. When the pressure onthe area C becomes a maximum, such pressure in connec tion with thepressure on the area B, is sutticient to cause the movement of the valveto the right. The-variable pressure on the area is secured by supplyinglive air continuously to such area, but also permitting it toexhaust'continuously. The arrangement is such thatwhen the pistonreaches the left hand end of its stroke this exhaust from area C is cutoil so that the pressure rises, and the combined pressures on the areasB and C secure the moygement of thevalve, the pressure on the area A atsuch ti in' lifiig materially reduced by the opening of th exhaust fromthe right hand end of the piston? Starting with the parts in theposition illustrated in Fig. 1, air is'su space behind to the right) thepiston 3, via the passages and ports 32, 33, and At this time the valve5 is in its position to the left, by reason of the fact that a body ofair has beencompressed by the movement of the piston to the right, andthis body of compressed air acting upon the surface A causes the valveto move to the position shown. At this time air is exhausting from thefront side of the piston via the ports 35 and 36 leading into theexhaust passages 15 and 16 which in turn discharge into the exhaustgroove 1st are heretofore stated. Exhaust is also occurring through thepassage 37 communicating at its rear end with the groove 17. such groovein turn communicating with the passage 18 leading to the dischargegroove 14 as heretofore described.

pplied toethe the'surface B via' the passage 38 and port 39,

but because of the smallness of the'area B this force is insuflicicnt tomove the valve to the right. Pressure is also belng applied at this timeto the area C via the relatively j side of the piston 3 causes it tomove for- Ward until it covers the exhaust ports 35 and 36, and the endof the passage 41. The covering of the end of the-exhaust passage ii ofcourse causes pressure to build up in this passage so that the pressureon the surface C of the valve is greatly increased, and this increase ofpressure accompanied by a decrease of pressure to. the right of thepiston caused by the uncovering of the exhaust ports 35 and 36avhen thepiston reaches its extreme left hand position causes the noosement ofthe valve 5 to the right of the position indicatedin .Fig. 1 tolthatindicated in Fig. 2. This'movement of the valve to the positionindicated in Fig. 2 closes the port 34 so that no more air supplied tothe i right hand side of the piston. It also places the port 39 in'communication With the groove 17 around the valve, and thisgroovc atthis time registers with the end of the passage 37, so that a supply ofair is provided on the left hand side'of the piston, causing it to moveto the right, During this movement to the right the fluid behind thepiston is exhausted through the ports 35 and 36 and the passages 15 and16,- such exhaust continuing until the ports 35 and 36 are covered by.the'piston, after which time no more fluid is exhausted from therighthand side of the piston. The movement of the piston to the rightduring the remainder of'its stroke causes compression of a volume of airat the valve 5, and this pressure acting upon the surface 1 throws thevalve back to the position of Big. 1 when the piston approaches therearend of its stroke. This action is'alsofacilitated by the reason thatthe pressure on the surface C is reduced .When the exhaust ports 35 and36 are uncovered, thus allowing the pressure in the forward end of thecylinder and in the passage-i1 to be reduced. The cycle is then repeatedas heretofore described. A small port 4:2 is provided through the Wall.of the vaive 5 to permit. of\tl 1'e starting of the machine in case itshould stop With the piston 3 in its rear position and with the valve 5in the position of Fig. 2. lhe passage 42 per mits of the building up ofpressure in the space behind the piston'to cause the move ment of i hevalve to the left, thus bringing the parts to the position indicated inFig. 1.

t will be seen from the foregoing that the shifting of the shell valvein one direction is secured by pressure produced by the movement of thepiston to the rear, and that the movement of the valve in the reversedirection is secured by a pressure upon tvvo= areas of the valve, one ofsuch pressuresbeing constant, and the other being variable andcontrolledby the piston.

What I claim is: i

1. ln combination in a fiuid operated tool,v

'a cylindrical distributing valve open'at both ends and having arearwardly facing pressure area, a hammer piston adapted to pass intothe said valve at the rear end of its stroke and compress a volume offluid, the).

said pressure receiving area of thevalve being adapted to be acted uponby the said compressed fluidtocause the shifting-of the .valveforwardly, and having another area exposed to continuous pressuretending-tor...

shift the valve in the reverse direction.

2. lin combination in a fluid operated tool, a cylindrical distributingvalve open at both ends and having a rearvvardly facing pres into thesaid valve at the rear end of.its stroke zmoeompress a volume of fluid,the said p sure receiving area of the valve besure area, a hammer pistonadapted to pass 3 ing adapted to be acted upon by the said compressedfluid to cause the shifting of i hammer r sure area, a hammer pistonadapted to pass Y into the said valve at the rear end ofits stroke andcompress a volume of fluid, the said pressure receiving area of thevalve be ing adapted to be acted upon by the said compressed fluid tocause the shifting of the valve forivrrdly, and having another areaexposed to continuous pressure tendingto shift the valve in the reversedirection, such:

continuous pressure being varied by an exhaust controlled by the hammerpiston.

4c. In combination in a fiuid operated tool,

a cylindrical distributing valve open at both' ends and having arcarwardly facing pressure area, a hammer piston adapted to pass intothe said valve at the rear end of :its

stroke and comprises a volume of fluid, the

said pressure receiving area of the. valve be.

ing adapted to be acted upon. by the said compressed fluid to cause theshifting of the valve forwardly, and having another area exposed tocontinuous pressure tending to mer piston when it approaches the end ofitsforward stroke.

5. In combination in a fluid operated-tool, a cylindrical distributing.valve, a hammer piston adapted to pass into the said valve at the rearend of its stroke and compress a volume of fluid, the said valve havingan area adapted to .be acted upon by the said compressed fluid to causethe shifting of the valve, and having two other areas one ofwhich isacted upon by a constant pressure and the other of which is acted uponbya continuous variable pressure, the pressures on said two areas tendingto shift the valve in a direction the reverse to that secured by. theaction of thesaidvolume of fluid compressed by the hammer piston.

6. In combination in a fluid operated a cylindrical distributing valve,a hammer piston adapted topass into the saidsvalve at the rear end ofits stroke and compress a volume of fluid, the said valve having an areaadapted to be acted upon by the said compressed fluid to cause theshifting of the valve, and having two other areas one of which is actedupon-by a constant pressure and'the other of which is-acted upon by acontinuous variable pressure controlled by the hammer piston, thepressures on said two areas tending to shift-the valve in a'direction thereverse to thatsecuredby the action of .the said volume of fluidcompressed by the hammer piston;

7 In combination in a fluid operated tool, a cylindricaldistributingvalve, a'hammer piston adapted to pass into the said valveat the rear end of itsstroke and compress a volume of fluid, the saidvalve having an area adapted'to be acted upon by the saidcompressedfluid to cause the shifting of the valve, and having two other areas oneof which is acted upon by a constant pressure and the other of which isacted upon by a continuous pressure made variable by an exhaust shut oifby the hammer piston as it approaches the forward end of its stroke, thepressures on said two areas tending to shift the valve in a directionthe reverse to that se-, cured by the action of the said volume of fluidcompressed by the hammer piston.

8. In combination in a fluid opcratcdtool, a shell distributing valve,a' piston whose movements are controlled by the said valve and passinginto said valve in its rearward movement, the said valve being moved inone direction by.fluid compressed by the piston, and in the otherdirection by a constant pressure and by a variable continuous pressure;

9 In combination in a fluid operated tool;

"movement, the said valve being moved in one direction by fluidcompressed by the piston, and in the other direction by a constantpressure and by a variable continuous pressure controlled as to amountby the piston.

10. In combination in a fluid operated tool, a shell distributing"valve, a piston vhose movements are controlled by the said valve andpassing into said valvein its rearward movement, the said-valve beingmoved in one direction by fluid compressed by thepiston, and in theother direction by a constant pressure and by a variablecontinuouspressure reduced by an exhaust controlled by the piston.

,11. In combination in a fluid operated tool, a shell distributing valvehaving a pressure area for shi-fting the valve in one direction and twoother pressure areas for shifting the valve! in the other direction; apiston whoseTmovements are controlled by the said valve and whichvin-its movement in one direction compresses. a' charge of'fluid whichoperates against the first mentioned area to shift the 'alve in onedirection, and connections wherebya constant pressure is applied to oneof said two other pressure areas and whereby a variable pressure-isapplied to, the other of the two other pressure areas, said variablepressure being controlled by the piston. I t

12. In a fluid operated vtool, a piston, an automatic distributing valvearranged. to control the admission and exhaust to and from the cylinder,pressure means for moving the valve in bus direction, and two pressuresurfaces carried-by the valve for securing its movement in the reversedirection, one of said surfaces being exposed to a constant prcssiu'eand the other surfacg to a variable pressure.

13. In afluid operated tool,-a piston, an automatic distributing valvearranged to -control the admission and exhaust to and stunt pressure andthe other surface to a 3 variable pressure governed by the piston.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence ofthe two subscribed witnesses.

LOUIS ,W. GREVE, Witnesses Geo, HKVHALL, J. Du Mo ov.

